Allelochemicals in plants pdf

Amaryllidaceae Bulb 5. Ex DC. Loganiaceae Stem 5. Melastomataceae Stem 5. Rubiaceae Leaf 5. Asteraceae Leaf 5. Smilacaceae Stem 4. Connaraceae Leaf 4.

Solanaceae Root 4. Ex Benn. Irvingiaceae Bark 4. Dioscoreaceae Tuber 4. Lythraceae Bark 4 3. Myrtaceae Bark 3. Moraceae Stem 3. Menispermaceae Stem 3.

Rubiaceae Bark 3. Fabaceae Stem 3. Dilleniaceae Leaf 2. Lygodiaceae Leaf 2. Asteraceae Leaf 2. Clarke Lamiaceae Stem 1. Hernandiaceae Stem 1. Phyllanthaceae Stem 1.

Moraceae Stem 1. Ancistrocladaceae Stem 1. Kurz Fabaceae Bark 1. Schum Rubiaceae Stem 1. Euphorbiaceae Stem 0. Schott Araceae Stem 0. Apocynaceae Stem 0. Fabaceae Bark 0. Melastomataceae Stem 0.

Boraginaceae Leaf 0. Plumbaginaceae Stem 0 2. Ex Hiern. Discussion In the Sapindaceae plant family, Allophylus serratus, a large shrub found all over India, showed a stronger inhibition activity through volatile compounds than Litchi chinensis and Schleicheria oleosa. Allophylus serratus is used as an anti-inflammatory and carmina- tive due to its strong pharmacological activity.

This plant is also used to treat numerous medical conditions, such as elephantiasis, oedema and bone fractures, as well as several gastrointestinal disorders, including dyspepsia, anorexia and diarrhea [26]. Bioactive sub- stances contained in Allophylus serratus include phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tanning substances, steroids, alkaloids and saponins were reported [27].

However, only rutin showed an increase in os- teoblast mineralization, as assessed by alizarin extraction; its use has been suggested for menopausal osteoporosis [28]. Another interesting species is Alocasia macrorrhiza common name Elephant Ear Taro , a giant plant with distinctive leaves, which is mostly used for ornamental purposes and belongs to the Araceae family [29].

Elephant Ear Taro is a massive herb formed by a thick erect trunk in large plants and up to 4 m in height; its leaves are held erect with petioles leaf stalks that are up to cm long [30]. It has antifungal, antidiuretic, laxative, antitubercular and antioxidant properties; it also features other compounds such as flavonoids, oxalic acid, cyanogenic glycosides, alocasin, cholesterol, amino acids, gallic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose and beta-lectins [31].

Additionally, 14 compounds have been isolated and identified from giant taro, including 5 new lignan amides, 1 new monoindole alkaloid and 8 known compounds [32]. Iris pallida from the Iridaceae family also showed potential inhibitory effects. Iris contains up to 80 genera and species that are distributed worldwide; it is abundant and diversified in the regions of Southern Africa and Asia. Many of these species are common ornamental plants [33].

Iris pallida, known as the sweet iris, is a perennial herb native to the Dalmatian coast, Croatia; it is mostly cultivated for its essential oils and use in aromatherapy and traditional medicine [34,35]. The rhizomes of Iris pallida found to have strong allelopathic activity contain the isoflavones irigenin, iristectorigenin A, nigericin, ni- gricanin, irisflorentin, iriskumaonin methyl ether, irilone, iriflogenin and others [23,36—39].

In total, 16 and 26 volatile components were found from the essential oil of rhizomes and leaves, respectively. The bioactive substances, including irones in iris rhizomes could offer commercial potential in the form of iris essential oil [41].

In the Rutaceae family, Harrisonia perforata Merr, known as a prickly shrub, is native to China but widely distributed across Southeast Asia.

This plant is nearly upright, growing up to 6 m tall. It is also reported that its root when dried contains antipyretic and anti-inflammatory proper- ties that are used to deal with wound healing and diarrhea [42]. Conclusions This study presents a preliminary analysis of the potential volatile allelopathic effects of some medicinal plants in Cambodia. The revealed data could help future researchers to isolate and identify volatile allelochemicals to demonstrate bio-herbicides for sustainable weed control.

Allophyllus serrulatus, which showed the highest inhibitory effect, was recommended for the further identification and characterization of allelopathic substances. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Data Availability Statement: No new data were created or analyzed in this study.

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